admin - Kammasali (Lingayat Kammasali)

March 8, 2025March 9, 2025

Last historical figures: 100+ of the most famous people through history – in chronological order

Who are some of the most famous figures in history? We introduce 100+ historical figures you should know about…

Colourful illustration of 12 historical figures's heads (Winston Churchill, Eleanor of Aquitaine, Thomas Cromwell, Richard III, Elizabeth I, William Shakespeare, Anne Boleyn, William Marshal, Jane Austen, Hatshepsut, Gandhi and Catherine the Great) shown in a grid pattern.

Who are some of the most famous figures in history?

We introduce 100+ notable historical figures – from medieval monarchs to 20th-century despots…

Hatshepsut (c1507 BC–c1458 BC)

Ancient Egyptian pharaoh

One of only a few known ancient Egyptian female pharaohs, Hatshepsut reigned in her own right from c1473–58 BC. However, Hatshepsut’s royal reign really began in c1479 BC when she acted as regent for her infant stepson, Thutmose III. By the end of his seventh regnal year, Hatshepsut had been crowned king and had adopted all pharaonic titles and regalia, co-ruling with her stepson. In images, she was depicted with a male body wearing the traditional pharaonic kilt, crown and false beard.

Amenhotep III (c1401 – c1350 BC)

Pharaoh of Egypt

During his long reign, Amenhotep III presided over a golden age during the 18th dynasty when Egypt was the most powerful nation on Earth. Although his grandson Tutankhamun is far more widely known today, it is Amenhotep III who was taken as the ultimate role model by subsequent monarchs. The finest Egyptian craftsmanship was created under his personal patronage, as was the ambitious construction programme that made him the most prolific builder in Egyptian history.

Alexander the Great (356 BC–323 BC)

King of Macedonia

When the son of Philip II of Macedon inherited the throne in 336 BC, he set about reasserting Macedonian authority in Greece, aiming to conquer the Persian empire. By the time of his death in Babylon at the age of 32, Alexander had created an empire that spanned three continents and covered around 2 million square miles. Commenting on what makes Alexander the Great such a ‘great’ leader, historian Professor Paul Cartledge said: “He combined immense personal charisma and bravery (he often led his troops from the front). Plus he had a priceless ability to identify the key moment in a battle and act decisively to ensure he won that moment.”

Ashoka the Great (c304–c232 BC)

Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty

Ashoka the Great was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty who ruled over most of the Indian subcontinent from c268–c232 BC. Considered one of India’s greatest emperors, he also promoted the spread of Buddhism across ancient Asia. The Ashoka Chakra (the “wheel of righteousness”) appears on the flag of modern India.

Julius Caesar (100 BC–44 BC)

Roman ruler, general and statesman

A successful politician and general who greatly expanded the extent of the Roman republic, Julius Caesar seized power in 44 BC, naming himself consul and dictator. He implemented a number of wide-ranging reforms – including the introduction of the Julian calendar – and is considered to have been a great military leader who conquered Gaul and invaded Britain twice. Caesar’s assassination, carried out by a group of republican senators on the Ides of March, was to become the focal point of one of William Shakespeare’s most famous history plays.

Cleopatra (69 BC–30 BC)

Last active pharaoh of ancient Egypt

The last active pharaoh of Egypt, Cleopatra helped bring prosperity to a divided country but is more often remembered for relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony, her alleged beauty and her suicide – possibly by snake bite – after defeat by Octavian. She assumed control of Egypt in 51 BC following the death of her father and initially co-ruled with her brother, Ptolemy XII.

Caesar Augustus (63 BC–AD 14)

Considered the first Roman emperor

The man born Gaius Octavius and known as Octavian was adopted by Julius Caesar as his heir. After defeating Antony and Cleopatra at the battle of Actium in 31 BC, he took the name Augustus and became Rome’s first emperor in 27 BC. Read more about Augustus’s bloody rise to power by Adrian Goldsworthy, author of a biography of the emperor.

Jesus Christ (c6-4 BC–30 AD)

Religious leader central to Christianity

Much of the information we have about the life of Jesus comes from the four Gospels, written between c60 and 90 AD – decades after his death. They tell us that Jesus was the son of God, born to the wife of a carpenter in Nazareth, crucified in Jerusalem. Christianity, based on the teachings of Jesus, is the world’s biggest religion with more than 2 billion followers. It originated in the Middle East, and spread across Europe, Syria, Mesopotamia, Asia Minor and Egypt, becoming the Roman empire’s official religion in AD 380.

Continue reading “Last historical figures: 100+ of the most famous people through history – in chronological order”

January 12, 2025January 12, 2025

ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ಬದುಕು ಭವ್ಯ ಕಲಾಪರಂಪರೆಯ ಪ್ರತೀಕ: ಮೇಯರ ರಾಮಪ್ಪ ಬಡಿಗೇರ

ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಕಷ್ಟಕರ ಕೆತ್ತನೆಯ ಕಲೆ. ಇಂತಹ ವಿಶೇಷ ಕಲೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಅಮರಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ನಾಡಿನ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆಗೆ ಅಪಾರ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ನೀಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ವಿದೇಶಿಗರು ನಮ್ಮ ನಾಡಿನ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ನೋಡಿ ಬೆರಗಾಗುವಂತೆ ಮತ್ತು ನೋಡುಗರನ್ನು ಸೆಳೆಯುವಂತಹ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ನಿರೂಪಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ.

ಧಾರವಾಡ:
ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ತಮ್ಮ ಜೀವನವನ್ನು ಕಲೆಗಾಗಿ ಮುಡಿಪಾಗಿಟ್ಟಿದ್ದರು. ತಮ್ಮ ವೃತ್ತಿ ಜೀವನದಲ್ಲಿ ನಾಡಿನ ಹಲವು ದೇವಾಲಯ ನಿರ್ಮಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ಅವರ ಬದುಕು ಭವ್ಯ ಕಲಾಪರಂಪರೆಯ ಪ್ರತೀಕ ಎಂದು ಮೇಯರ್‌ ರಾಮಪ್ಪ ಬಡಿಗೇರ ಹೇಳಿದರು.
ಜಿಲ್ಲಾಡಳಿತವು ಕನ್ನಡ ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಇಲಾಖೆ ಆಶ್ರಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಆಲೂರು ಭವನದಲ್ಲಿ ಬುಧವಾರ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಿದ್ದ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ಸಂಸ್ಮರಣಾ ದಿನದಲ್ಲಿ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ಭಾವಚಿತ್ರಕ್ಕೆ ಪುಷ್ಪಾರ್ಚನೆ ಸಲ್ಲಿಸಿದ ಅವರು, ಭಾರತೀಯ ಇತಿಹಾಸದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಲೆಗೆ ತನ್ನದೇ ಆದ ಮಹತ್ವ ಇದೆ. ಆ ದಿಸೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ಬೇಲೂರು, ಹಳೆಬೀಡು, ಸೋಮನಾಥಪುರ ಮತ್ತಿತರ ಕಡೆಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆತ್ತಿರುವ ಕೆತ್ತನೆಗಳೆ ಅವರ ಕಲೆಗೆ ಸಾಕ್ಷಿ ಎಂದರು.
ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ಅತ್ಯಂತ ಕಷ್ಟಕರ ಕೆತ್ತನೆಯ ಕಲೆ. ಇಂತಹ ವಿಶೇಷ ಕಲೆಯ ಮೂಲಕ ಅಮರಶಿಲ್ಪಿ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ನಾಡಿನ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆಗೆ ಅಪಾರ ಕೊಡುಗೆ ನೀಡಿದ್ದಾರೆ. ವಿದೇಶಿಗರು ನಮ್ಮ ನಾಡಿನ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ನೋಡಿ ಬೆರಗಾಗುವಂತೆ ಮತ್ತು ನೋಡುಗರನ್ನು ಸೆಳೆಯುವಂತಹ ಶಿಲ್ಪಕಲೆ ನಿರೂಪಿಸಲಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದರು.
ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆ ವಹಿಸಿದ್ದ ಅಪರ ಜಿಲ್ಲಾಧಿಕಾರಿ ಗೀತಾ ಸಿ.ಡಿ., ನಾಡಿನಲ್ಲಿರುವ ಕಸೂತಿ, ಬಟ್ಟೆ ನೇಯುವುದು, ಕುಂಬಾರಿಕೆ, ಬುಟ್ಟಿ ನೇಯುವುದು, ಹಾಸಿಗೆ ನೇಯುವುದು ಮುಂತಾದ ಕಲೆಗಳು ನಶಿಸಿ ಹೋಗುತ್ತಿವೆ. ಇವುಗಳ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣೆ ಮತ್ತು ಮುಂದುವರಿಕೆಗಾಗಿ ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಅನೇಕ ಯೋಜನೆ ಜಾರಿಗೊಳಿಸಿದ್ದು, ಪ್ರಯೋಜನ ಪಡೆಯಲು ತಿಳಿಸಿದರು.
ಆಕಾಶವಾಣಿ ನಿವೃತ್ತ ಕಾರ್ಯಕ್ರಮ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕ ಡಾ. ವಿರೂಪಾಕ್ಷ ಬಡಿಗೇರ ಜಕಣಾಚಾರಿ ಜೀವನ ಚರಿತ್ರೆ ಕುರಿತು ವಿಶೇಷ ಉಪನ್ಯಾಸ ನೀಡಿದರು. ಸಾಧಕರಾದ ರವೀಂದ್ರಾಚಾರ್ಯ ಮತ್ತು ಕೃಷ್ಣಾ ಹಿತ್ತಾಳೆ ಅವರನ್ನು ಸನ್ಮಾಸಲಾಯಿತು. ಮೌನೇಶ್ವರ ಧರ್ಮನಿಧಿ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆಯ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಮಹಾರುದ್ರ ಬಡಿಗೇರ, ವಿಶ್ವಕರ್ಮ ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಮಹಾಸಭಾ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ಕಾಳಪ್ಪ ಬಡಿಗೇರ, ಜನಜಾಗೃತಿ ಸಮಿತಿ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷ ವಸಂತ ಅರ್ಕಾಚಾರ, ಮುಖಂಡರಾದ ನಿರಂಜನ ಬಡಿಗೇರ, ವಿಠ್ಠಲ್‌ ಕಮ್ಮಾರ, ಸಂತೋಷ ಬಡಿಗೇರ, ಲಕ್ಷ್ಮಿ ಬಡಿಗೇರ ಇದ್ದರು. ಕುಮಾರ ಬೆಕ್ಕೇರಿ ಸ್ವಾಗತಿಸಿದರು.

October 26, 2024October 20, 2024

Chatgpt : Payoff matrix for Rus Vs Ukr, China vs taiwan, Israel vs palestine

Creating such a comprehensive analysis would be beyond the scope of what I can provide, especially in the time constraints of a single response. However, I can offer a simplified version of what you’re asking for.

### Most Exported Goods and Services:
1. Goods: Electronics, automobiles, machinery, petroleum products, pharmaceuticals.
2. Services: Financial services, tourism, IT services, consulting.

### Potential Bottlenecks:
1. Economic disparity leading to social unrest.
2. Resource competition (water, oil, rare earth minerals).
3. Territorial disputes.
4. Ethnic and religious tensions.
5. Political instability and failed states.

Hypothetical Triggers for Conflict:
1. Aggressive territorial expansion (e.g., Russia-Ukraine conflict).
2. Violent regime changes (e.g., Myanmar, Venezuela).
3. Proxy wars fueled by major powers (e.g., Syria, Yemen).
4. Ideological conflicts (e.g., North-South Korea).
5. Resource scarcity leading to competition (e.g., disputes in the South China Sea).

### Allies and Enemies:
Alliances are complex and constantly evolving. They often depend on shared interests, historical ties, and strategic considerations. Some hypothetical alliances might include:

1. Allies: NATO countries, EU member states, US allies in Asia (Japan, South Korea, Australia), GCC countries, ASEAN nations.
2. Potential Enemies: Russia, China (in certain scenarios), North Korea, Iran, non-state actors like terrorist organizations.

### Market Reactions:
Major events like conflicts or regime changes can impact markets in various ways:

1. **Stock Markets:** Uncertainty often leads to volatility. Military conflicts or political instability in key regions can lead to selloffs.
2. **Commodities:** Oil prices can spike due to supply disruptions. Precious metals like gold may rise as investors seek safe havens.
3. **Currencies:** Geopolitical tensions can lead to flight to safety currencies like the US dollar or Swiss franc.

### Game Theory Payoff Matrix (simplified):
Below is a very simplified and hypothetical example:

In this hypothetical matrix, the numbers represent the utility or payoff for each country. Negative values indicate losses, while positive values indicate gains. The higher the number, the better the outcome for the respective country.

Remember, this is a simplified and hypothetical representation. In reality, the outcomes would depend on numerous factors, including diplomatic efforts, military capabilities, and public opinion. Additionally, the moral and ethical considerations of war are not captured in such a matrix.

—————————————GEMINI AI—————————————

Continue reading “Chatgpt : Payoff matrix for Rus Vs Ukr, China vs taiwan, Israel vs palestine”

October 25, 2024November 5, 2024

The Twilight of Kings and the Rise of the Strongmen: Contrasting Monarchies of Old with Modern Dictatorships

Monarchs	Dictators
It provides continuity and a clear line of succession, reducing the likelihood of power struggles.	Establishing strong central authority can bring stability during crises or turmoil.
Embodies national identity and cultural heritage, fostering a sense of unity and historical continuity.	Can foster national unity and pride by promoting a strong national identity and purpose.
Can make swift decisions without the need for lengthy legislative processes.	Can implement policies and reforms quickly without the constraints of democratic processes.
Dynastic succession	Can potentially implement long-term plans and projects without the pressure of re-election.

The annals of history are replete with tales of inherited and seized power. For millennia, monarchy reigned supreme, a system where authority flowed through bloodlines, legitimized by tradition and often intertwined with divine right. Yet, the modern era has witnessed the rise of a different breed of leader: the dictator, who ascends to power not through lineage but through force, cunning, or popular appeal, often establishing regimes devoid of familial succession. While both monarchs and dictators wield absolute power, their origins, motivations, and ultimately, their legacies, differ significantly. This essay delves into the contrasting characteristics of old-age monarchies and recent-age dictatorships, exploring their legitimacy, governance, relationship with the populace, and their ultimate place in the tapestry of history.

I. The Foundation of Power: Lineage vs. Force

The most fundamental difference between traditional monarchies and modern dictatorships lies in the source of their power. Monarchies are rooted in the concept of hereditary rule, where power is passed down through generations within a family. This lineage often traces back to a distant, sometimes mythical, ancestor, imbuing the monarch with an aura of historical legitimacy and continuity. The crown becomes a symbol of national identity, embodying the collective memory and traditions of a people.

In contrast, dictatorships are founded on the acquisition of power through force, political maneuvering, or popular appeal. Dictators often emerge during periods of instability or crisis, promising order and stability while dismantling existing democratic institutions. Their legitimacy stems not from tradition but from their perceived ability to address the pressing needs of the nation, whether it be economic hardship, social unrest, or external threats. Unlike monarchs who inherit their position, dictators seize it, often relying on charisma, propaganda, and the suppression of dissent to maintain their grip on power.

Continue reading “The Twilight of Kings and the Rise of the Strongmen: Contrasting Monarchies of Old with Modern Dictatorships”

September 21, 2024March 9, 2025

Copilot on next Singapore, NY and SF in india

To determine which Indian cities might overtake Singapore’s economy, let’s first consider some key economic indicators from Singapore, New York, and San Francisco:

### Singapore
– **GDP**: Approximately $364.2 billion²
– **GDP per capita**: Around $65,000²
– **Key Sectors**: Finance, trade, manufacturing, and technology⁵

### New York City
– **GDP**: Approximately $1.5 trillion⁶
– **GDP per capita**: Around $76,607⁷
– **Key Sectors**: Finance, media, technology, and real estate⁶

### San Francisco
– **GDP**: Approximately $501 billion[^10^]
– **GDP per capita**: Around $119,000[^10^]
– **Key Sectors**: Technology, finance, and tourism¹¹

### Potential Indian Cities
Based on these indicators, here are some Indian cities that have the potential to match or overtake Singapore’s economy:

1. **Mumbai**: Often called the financial capital of India, Mumbai has a diverse economy with strong sectors in finance, entertainment, and manufacturing. The presence of the Bombay Stock Exchange and numerous multinational corporations boosts its economic profile⁶.

2. **Bangalore**: Known as the Silicon Valley of India, Bangalore is a major tech hub with a strong presence of IT companies and startups. The city’s innovation and technology sector contributes significantly to its economy⁶.

3. **Delhi**: As the capital city, Delhi has a diverse economy with strong sectors in services, manufacturing, and retail. Its strategic location and infrastructure make it a key economic center⁶.

4. **Hyderabad**: With a booming IT sector and a growing pharmaceutical industry, Hyderabad is rapidly emerging as an economic powerhouse. The city’s infrastructure and business-friendly policies attract significant investments⁶.

5. **Chennai**: Known for its automobile industry, Chennai also has strong sectors in IT, healthcare, and manufacturing. Its port facilitates significant trade, boosting the city’s economic profile⁶.

### Skyscrapers and Economic Growth
Skyscrapers are often seen as symbols of economic growth and urban development. While the number of skyscrapers alone doesn’t determine economic success, they can reflect a city’s economic health and attractiveness to businesses. Here are some factors to consider:

1. **Infrastructure Development**: Building skyscrapers requires significant investment in infrastructure, including transportation, utilities, and public services. Indian cities need to enhance their infrastructure to support high-rise buildings.

2. **Business Environment**: A favorable business environment, including ease of doing business, regulatory support, and access to capital, is crucial for attracting investments that lead to skyscraper construction.

3. **Real Estate Market**: A strong real estate market with demand for commercial and residential spaces can drive the construction of skyscrapers. Cities like Mumbai and Bangalore already have a growing number of high-rise buildings due to their robust real estate markets.

4. **Urban Planning**: Effective urban planning and zoning regulations are essential to accommodate skyscrapers without causing congestion and other urban issues.

### Estimating the Number of Skyscrapers
While it’s challenging to provide an exact number of skyscrapers needed, we can look at some benchmarks:

– **Singapore**: Has around 200 skyscrapers¹².
– **New York City**: Has over 300 skyscrapers¹³.
– **San Francisco**: Has around 50 skyscrapers¹⁴.

For Indian cities to match Singapore’s economic profile, they would likely need to develop a similar number of skyscrapers, focusing on creating business districts and commercial hubs that attract global companies.

Singapore’s economic growth over the past 20 years has been driven by several key areas and landmarks: