Indian freedom struggle: 5 player iterative game theory an abstract

Indian freedom struggle was a huge mathematical equation that had multiple factors/actors that contributed to the success of the freedom of India on 15 August 1947.  We started living in a globalized economy even before the initial struggle towards independence.

The European market aka the Tulip mania was an era of agricultural businesses and the inventions of the first stocks started with the advent of European colonies in order to avoid risk but not completely rather distribute the risks equally among their shareholders. Before the invention stocks tulips and similar agro-based commodities were sold based on bonds and a guarantee that they were being given at a price that was predetermined which held value to the European markets. These were the initial roots of the division of power from the colonial power. Many agribased products were forced to be harvested without change in the crop seasons and farmers of the colonies had bad times and were hugely taxed to meet the European market demands. As time passed there have been many revolutions against the colonial authority and many have tried and failed.

Why did we get independence only in the 1940s’s why was the First World War not part of the equation why only the Second World War? Why?

Because It was a multiplayer iterative game.

During the 1940’s Germany restarted its campaign to claim its status as a superpower or a powerhouse of immense technology and intellectual advancement and to reclaim its dignity as a European superpower.

It wasn’t new as Germany had tried to overpower its European clans during World War 1 why didn’t the Freedom struggle succeed during the first time around?

Well here is the actual reason.

India has played an iterative game with multiple payoffs that precisely culminated during the Second World war.

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Goat milk versus cow milk: A comparison

Many people have an allergy to cow milk but can consume goat milk products. This is usually not a lactose intolerance, but a difference in some of the other components.

 

FOOD FIGHT!! MILK - Cow vs. Goat - Chef's Mandala

Worldwide more people consume goat milk and goat milk products than cow milk and cow milk products. While both milk products have significant benefits, there are situations in which people prefer or choose goat milk. Goats are smaller and consume significantly less feed than cows, making them much easier to keep in developing countries. Milk is considered an important source of calories and nutrition in many developing countries. In many countries other than the United States, goat milk flavor is preferred over cow milk.

Additionally, many people who have an allergy to cow milk can consume goat milk products without experiencing an allergic reaction. This is usually not a lactose intolerance, but a difference in some of the other components like less lactose and different forms of proteins. Michigan State University Extension recommends individuals with dairy intolerance be tested to see if goat milk is right for them if they react to cow milk.

Goat milk (1 cup)

Cow milk (1 cup)

Calories

168 grams

149 grams

Protein

9 grams

8 grams

Fat

10 grams

8 grams

Carbohydrates

11 grams

12 grams

Fiber

0 grams

0 grams

Sugar

11 grams

12 grams

Sodium

122 mg

105 mg

Calcium

327 mg

276 mg

Magnesium

34.2 mg

24.4 mg

Phosphorous

271 mg

205 mg

Potassium

498 mg

322 mg

From USDA

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Why stars are choosing stadiums over arenas: From Beyoncé to Harry Styles

In 2022, Wembley, the UK’s largest stadium, hosted as many gigs as it did football matches.

There were 16 sold out concerts from the likes of Coldplay and Ed Sheeran and 1.3 million tickets purchased.

Demand is so great for Beyoncé’s 2023 tour that Tottenham Hotspur has breached its licence by adding an extra tour date at its stadium.

They now have to submit a planning application to Haringey Council to ensure the show can go ahead.

Pioneered by the Beatles in 1965, stadium tours have previously been the reserve of pop’s biggest stars: Michael Jackson, Madonna, Eminem – but recently, they’ve been overtaking arenas as the number one choice for big tours in the UK.

‘A big gamble’

“Why are artists choosing us? It’s a scale thing,” says Steve Davidson, chief operating officer at Sunderland AFC.

“The cost of putting on these big worldwide tours is enormous, so they [artists] have to sell out bigger venues in order to make it pay,” he adds.

Mr Davidson says the Stadium of Light can hold 60,000 people at a typical concert, which has helped attract artists like Beyoncé and Pink to the north-east of England this summer.

Beyonce performing in Dubai
Beyonce hasn’t toured in the UK since 2018

“We’ve got space and we’re in the city centre. That’s attractive to [concert] promoters,” Mr Davidson says.

He also notes that artists are putting more effort into staging and production, which on a basic level means travelling with lots and lots of trucks.

“Some artists are coming with 90 HGV trucks – we’ve got space to host them all,” he adds.

Beyoncé fans have been predicting online that her Renaissance World Tour stage could be an estimated 174ft (53m) wide and 84ft long, excluding its runway and additional smaller stage.

Compare this with her last arena tour in 2013, when the main stage was less than half the size of her predicted stadium one – 76ft by 49ft.

So not only would an arena not have enough room to accommodate all those trucks, the stage would also be too big too.

“They have to go from one venue to another and be in and out really quickly – that saves them money,” Steve adds.

But with bigger tours, comes bigger risks, says Wembley’s stadium director Liam Boylan.

“There’s a lot of pressure,” he tells the BBC. “It’s a big gamble for promoters because everything’s bigger: More trucks, more crew, more equipment.”

Promoters are responsible for organising live events and making sure tickets sell. They have to weigh up whether the interest in a particular artist is high enough to fill the seats.

“Promoters will say ‘I’m going to guarantee you so much money’, but if a show doesn’t sell, they’re liable,” Mr Boylan adds.

‘Demand is huge’

 

Continue reading “Why stars are choosing stadiums over arenas: From Beyoncé to Harry Styles”

Incred Financial Services Limited NCD (Incred Financial Services October 2023 NCD) Detail

Incred Financial Services Limited Logo

Incorporated in 1995, InCred Financial Services Limited is engaged in the financial services business. The company is registered with SEBI as a non-deposit-taking systemically important NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Company).

The company offers its services to lower middle-class to middle-class Indian households and resolves their need for personal finance in the form of education and personal loans. Alongside, InCred Financial Services also offers secured and unsecured business loans. Their customers include small businesses, secured loans to K12 Indian schools for their expansion plans, supply chain financing, lending to profitable financial Institutions and microfinance companies, and escrow-backed lending through its SME vertical.

In 2022, the earlier company known as KKR India Financial Services Limited was merged and emerged as InCred Financial Services Limited.

The products of InCred Financial Services Limited can be categorized as

  1. Consumer Loans
  2. Education Loans
  3. MSME Loans

The company further divides the products and services as – Personal Loans, Student Loans, Secured School Financing, Anchor and escrow Backed Business Loans, Structured Lending, and Lending to FIs.

Incred Financial Services October 2023 NCD Detail

Issue Open October 25, 2023 – November 7, 2023
Security Name Incred Financial Services Limited
Security Type Secured, Redeemable, Non-Convertible Debentures (Secured NCDs)
Issue Size (Base) Rs 150.00 Crores
Issue Size (Shelf) Rs 300.00 Crores
Issue Price Rs 1000 per NCD
Face Value Rs 1000 each NCD
Minimum Lot size 10 NCD
Market Lot 1 NCD
Listing At BSE
Credit Rating CRISIL A+/Stable by CRISIL Ratings Limited.
Tenor 18, 24 and 36 months
Series Series I to V
Payment Frequency Monthly, Quarterly and Annually
Basis of Allotment First Come First Serve Basis
Debenture Trustee/s Catalyst Trusteeship Limited

NCD Allocation Ratio

Category ? NCD’s Allocated
Institutional 5%
Non-Institutional 10%
HNI 40%
Retail 45%

NCD’s Offered by Category

Category ? NCD’s Reserved
Institutional 75,000
Non-Institutional 150,000
HNI 600,000
Retail 675,000
Total NCD’s 1,500,000

Incred Financial Services Limited NCD Coupon Rates

# Series 1 Series 2 Series 3 Series 4 Series 5
Frequency of Interest Payment Monthly Quarterly Monthly Annual Monthly
Nature Secured Secured Secured Secured Secured
Tenor 18 Months 24 Months 24 Months 36 Months 36 Months
Coupon (% per Annum) 9.48% 9.55% 9.66% 10.30% 9.84%
Effective Yield (% per Annum) 9.88% 9.88% 10.08% 10.28% 10.29%
Amount on Maturity (In Rs.) Rs 1,000.00 Rs 1,000.00 Rs 1,000.00 Rs 1,000.00 Rs 1,000.00

NCD Rating

The NCDs proposed to be issued have been rated ‘CRISIL A+/Stable’ by CRISIL Ratings Limited.

Company Promoters

InCred Holdings Limited (erstwhile known as KKR Capital Markets India Limited), and Bhupinder Singh are the promoters of the company.

Company Financials

Incred Financial Services Limited Financial Information (Restated Consolidated)

Incred Financial Services Limited’s revenue increased by 67.37% and profit after tax (PAT) rose by 234.79% between the financial year ending with March 31, 2023 and March 31, 2022.

Period Ended 31 Mar 2023 31 Mar 2022 31 Mar 2021
Assets 6,608.39 4,034.65 2,804.53
Revenue 877.45 524.27 392.48
Profit After Tax 120.92 36.12 10.23
Net Worth
Reserves and Surplus
Total Borrowing
Amount in ₹ Crore

Objects of the Issue

The company proposes to utilize the funds which are being raised through the Issue:

  1. For the purpose of onward lending, financing, and for repayment of interest and principal of existing borrowings of the Company – 75% of the amount raised and allotted in the Issue.
  2. General Corporate Purposes – 25% of the amount raised and allotted in the Issue.

Did ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 find proof of 700 aliens (Cyanobacteria, Saccharomycetales , Acidophilus, Pyrodictium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Melanopyrus, Euglenozoa, Amoebozoa, Loukozoa, Percolozoa, Microsporidia and Sulcozoa et cetera) on Moon?

This claim is completely false as the social media handles and official website of ISRO have made no such statements yet.

July 20, 1969 was — in mankind’s best guess — the first time a living being prepared to land on a celestial body and observed the luminous blue planet shrouded in the seemingly infinite darkness of space.

But before that moment, the crew of Apollo 11, hurtling toward the moon, radioed the mission command in Houston to ask about a curious object they saw on their third day in space.

“Do you have any idea where the S-IVB is with respect to us?” Commander Neil Armstrong asked, referring to the third stage of the Saturn V rocket that was jettisoned earlier in the flight.

Mission control had an answer about three minutes later, according to a NASA radio transcript of the mission.

“Apollo 11, Houston,” the command replied. “The S-IVB is about 6,000 nautical miles from you now. Over.” That satisfied Armstrong, who said 12 seconds later: “Okay. Thank you.”

Earth viewed from the lunar orbit before landing. (NASA)

The seemingly innocuous exchange has become a touchstone for UFO-sighting enthusiasts and alien truthers, and now, seemingly fake news.

Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, 88, the second astronaut to set foot on the moon, believed that the crew saw an extraterrestrial spacecraft at this moment, and a “lie detector” test proves it, at least according to the British tabloid The Daily Star.

That’s not quite right.

“He has never said he saw a UFO. This story has been a fabrication for the sake of headlines and is not true as far as Buzz Aldrin is concerned,” his spokeswoman, Christina Korp, told The Washington Post in a statement Tuesday. That echoes Aldrin’s 2015 comment on Reddit that the object “was not an alien.” The Daily Star did not return a request for comment.

The truth is out there if only the Daily Star looked more closely.

The tabloid’s story focuses on a vocal analysis conducted by the Ohio-based Institute of BioAcoustic Biology and Sound Health, a nonprofit institution that founder Sharry Edwards has said developed a program that can evaluate how truthful or confident someone feels about a subject they are talking about.

Pence vows America will return to the moon. The history of such promises suggests otherwise.

Edwards told The Post she used Aldrin’s interview from the 2006 Discovery Science made-for-TV documentary “Apollo 11: The Untold Story” to analyze Aldrin’s remarks.

“There was something out there that was close enough to be observed, and what could it be?” Aldrin recounted about the incident, adding that crew member Michael Collins saw ellipses on the L-shaped object when viewed through a telescope. “That didn’t tell us very much,” he said.

The moment called for restraint from theorizing what the object might be during one of the most scrutinized missions in human history, Aldrin said.

Buzz Aldrin during the Apollo 11 mission. (NASA)

“Who knows what somebody would have demanded that we turn back because of aliens or whatever the reason is,” he said on the program. The crew decided to move on and mention it later in the mission debrief, Aldrin added.

In an analysis, Edwards says Aldrin “has a firm belief in what he saw but logical awareness that he cannot explain what he saw; therefore he thinks he should be doubted.”

She said that the conclusion was published years ago but that she does not know how it became suddenly relevant.

Aldrin has already clarified his position on the incident.

In a response on the NASA website after the documentary was released, Aldrin said he believed he saw one of four panels separated from the S-IVB heading on the same trajectory toward the moon but on a slightly different course. That discussion was edited out, and the rest was “taken out of context,” NASA said.

In the 2015 Reddit thread, he said the sun must have glinted off one of the panels.

The recurring UFO story is the result in part of the public distorting the scientific term UFO to mean a craft with “little green men,” NASA chief historian Bill Barry told The Post.

Yet the Apollo 11 mission was already a significant moment in human history without the intrigue of alien spacecraft.

The median age of Americans is about 38, or 11 years younger than the mission itself. Most people alive today were not around to hear President John F. Kennedy say in 1961 that the United States would send a man to the moon and return him safely to Earth.

The Soviet Union had already been the first to send a man into Earth’s orbit, frustrating NASA and creating a belief that the Russians might have an edge. The stakes were high. “They were basically on a war footing,” Barry said of NASA leadership.

NASA’s lessons from the mission were extensive. For instance, leaders honed the organization for large scientific projects, which later helped develop the International Space Station, Barry said. And investment in science paved the way for the Internet, cellphones and much more.

‘We shall return’: Eugene Cernan was the last man to walk on the moon. There was no return.

Discoveries also offered more hints about the origin of life on Earth and the history of the universe. Evaluating the rock samples from the moon helped confirm theories that the body is the result of an object that smashed into Earth and later coalesced to form our satellite, Barry said.

That lesson amounted to a common refrain among astronauts, he added: “We left the Earth, and what we discovered was ourselves.”

In the next five centuries, humanity will remember the 20th century for three things, Barry said: two world wars and the United States landing on the moon.

Aldrin has been known to defend that history, now and in the past.

In 2002, filmmaker Bart Sibrel confronted Aldrin, demanding that he swear on a Bible that the landing was authentic. Sibrel called him a “coward and a liar.”

Sibrel was adding “thief” when Aldrin struck him in the face. No charges were filed.

The moment was captured on video. There were no camera tricks. The punch was real.

Continue reading “Did ISRO’s Chandrayaan-3 find proof of 700 aliens (Cyanobacteria, Saccharomycetales , Acidophilus, Pyrodictium, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Melanopyrus, Euglenozoa, Amoebozoa, Loukozoa, Percolozoa, Microsporidia and Sulcozoa et cetera) on Moon?”